In This Blog We are going
to discuss about Half Adder .An adder is
a digital logic circuit in
electronics that implements addition of numbers. Here we are going to implement
Ladder Representation of Half adder. Adders are classified into
two types: half adder and full adder. The half adder circuit has two inputs: A
and B, which add two input digits and generate a carry and sum.
Half Adder
An adder is a digital
circuit that performs addition of numbers. The half adder adds two binary
digits and produces two outputs i.e sum and carry;
1. XOR- is applied to both inputs to produce sum
2. AND gate is applied to both inputs to produce
carry
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAATYAAADXCAYAAACQ0306AAAgAElEQVR4Aex9938Tx/b2/QveX973e7/33lQIpOfmplfAtqziQu+911BDSSgJkIQSkhBKKAEChBJ6KKEXF1ndcrfpYOOiLnfc5ef9nJFXxdjgBFvSlYbPZ9n1rrSaffY5z5yZOXPmb+D/OAIcAY5AkCHwtyB7Hv44HAGOAEcAXNg4CTgCHIGgQ4ALW9C9Uv5AHAGOABc2zgGOAEcg6BDgwhZ0r5Q/EEeAI8CFjXOAI8ARCDoEuLAF3SvlD8QR4AhwYeMc4AhwBIIOAS5sQfdK+QNxBDgCXNg4BzgCHIGgQ4ALW9C9Uv5AHAGOABc2zgGOAEcg6BDgwhZ0r5Q/EEeAI9AmYXM4HKhraEAdwLeWMGhsRF2Dg2PTEjZ0jvAhDrV2PdTPc/48nBuORtQ3NACNjW1W7DYJW3V1NQx5uSi6cRWmGzl888DAeOMqim5eh4Ft12D0uMaxyoGhCZ+im9dguHmNc6cZP7z4c4Pzp7nNEH8Kb92A3WqFo72Fraq2FoXqRBTN6AfjOBGME8R8myCGiXAYE46i7xYgP+E8DDP7wjgukmPThA3hYxgnQtGPS1Bw8QSKZhA+IidunENN/AlD4YalyI8/B8PkaBjHc/546othbATDx2o2dYCw1dXBqL6C1L5RmBu2FrMiNmN2xKaQ3z6J2IZfu4+EefEoFCkv417fd7A4bCVmcnwwK2IT2+LDImBZNhGmyyeg7NMHc8LWc/402c60iO040n0ArN9MQZHiEm7K3sCC8B84fxh3NmNOxEZoe7wP81dTYO0Qj62uDibNFSQOHoGPJCl4R3YV78pyQn77t+w2lkWuhGXpOBiUl3FncBikkkS8LbsW8tgQR96R5eCodCQzXPOV4zg9aArel2Rw/jTZzmuyu/ghciHsq6bBoLiI7F490EOq4/yR5TCOfCDLxEVJb1hWftKxwpY0eBgiJQp0l6Wgh0wf8tv7siysiFzuEra7g3ugt+QCuslSQx4b4kh3mR7HpcNcwnZu0ESESzScP022854sGxsi57mELadXd8ikiZw/Mj3jSIRMi8uSnlzYfC22XNhar9y4sLWOjcBTLmytY0T84cLmJ++RC9vDick9ttbxIXHjwtY6PlzY/CRqREwubA8nJhe21vHhwvZwbLiwcWELyP483hR9uOFyYXs4PlzYuLBxYfMjB0ig/urGm6KtY8eF7TGI9VcJKXyPN0UfTkzeFG0dH+IQF7bW8eHCxoXtL3sMgkB3xJ43RVs3WgFvLmytY8SFjQsbFzY/ckAQqb+y58LGhS0gjZc3RR9OTN4UbR0fEkIubK3jwz02P9bWXNgeTkwubK3jw4Xt4diElLB9LEvDR7L0BzYC4a80BR73O/4WNpq61RIe3ufS/IINvZP2FjZ6Lpp/+obspmsjr4d48bjv0h/ffxyPjfAlPGheshuPG6D5lf6yh/bEkJ4hJGYefCjLQIRUg2hpPKKlCa4tSpoIuuaPl+lPYSNS0zM3x8MTG7omlirxpuwGa/b4EiP6rfYSNhIuMmCJVIHZki3YKJqDdRFzsUE0F5MkexAh0zCDbk/D8sW9/qqw0bsnztP7/VL8LTaI5mC9aC5+FH+OwdJTeFt2lV33xTN01G8Qf4Je2MgzGS47AaU4AncinsfNiJfYdiviRdyKeAmrJF+xicO+NFx6of4SNnpOiUyFY9KRuBvR1YWHgIuwvx3xAlLD3sSm7pMxUbSL1fC+8m7aS9goS4hIqsamsGnICX8Vlp7Po2b4K6ge8yaqh74Mo6wLUsLexljRHrwhu/FfNYH8zwobYUoCHy5WYUOPGbgtehElfV5AzajXUT3qP7jftxPjw87w8egpjfuvFHtBKOlZg1rY6AE/kqXhmGwk6pYPR92lQ87t4kHUXT6Mhj92wjxeivGS/cxwBWB8sfeXsNHvrhIvQ/V0EeoJB8KE9s02du3wRjhWjYF56Pv4JXwCukn1+FiW3uFNt/YQtvdl2Zgm2Ym4SCkaFsSi7syvqM/WocFSBEdZMRqMBahPTUT9ntW4OTwKKyK+QJgs2S/e+1/h258RNsIzTKbHF+JvoY0W4f7X41EfdwT1tzLhKLbCUWJF3a0s1J3/DQ1zoyAXidBbevG/tpke9MJGHkY/6Tmk9YpEXdLpFnOe12xZjL3iCfhYlupTUvtT2L4XLcT9rye0iEeLJw13ULVyEnZJpiFcqu1wnB5X2KipNVX6KwwxLwKH1qKxwdHiY7lO5maherYUP0fO6PBn+ysi1tJ3/oywfSDLwmTxbtj6vQpc3Ot67JYOGqsq4dgwG/vF45iw0bto6fcD+VzQCxv1J8wT/wTbuHDU37vV0ntE45VD+C1mKj6UpPmU1P4UtjWixahcNgZoqG8RkxZPlttRPrcfFkd+1+He7eMKG3WCbxdNQe2aaQ88SmNNNRyl9gfP6y5A0bsPekjaX7idz/OgQFA/ovCsf1Yo2ipsVLn3lF6BKkqC6t/WPfDcuF8MVJV7n68oQeGUvhgpPviA1yY8i7D/s+Vuy/PSZ/7sfT0/T98P2qaoE5wUHI0cjorlE9BYXeX98pr+aiy4Ce3w4YgRX/ZpH0ugCRsZ+/0zv+H+0e24f2I36q6mPYBX3amdLCtpuKz9jb85Mf/q4AH1qUqlcmT26oGGNIXXM9To5bDN6A3LiI9R+fsuNHou8FFmw41PRmNU5AHWv0TiKGxUQQrlI29QOE/7bk1GSALieZ7+po0ESMgaTd+l+1AZ6bPvelyjc8JvtGXfFmEjDKkMayWLUD4pDA3GfG884k7i9oQBMMwYhPqbWV7X6vZ+i+2S6fiw6dnJnpxldmaoFZ6JztFveJZZeD4BD7qHcI6yZ1PZCVPhOu3pbzdeOV7X6Lqn2An3Er4v4CqUIeiFrZs0Fcclw1B7cL3rpTlqa+Co9KihaqthXzQaU0U7HnhBAlAdsQ80Yau/ex2mvq/D0O3vMPT4J8yD3kaN5ooLNzpo0MchvvcAREjUXkRrb3yImI8jbDJxHG6OiAVKLa7yN9bVwj5vCAwf/T8Yw56AedgHaDAXua6j0YHyFVPxaeRGfCBNx2DxCQwRn8BQ8XHESq+wkUIyoL6S8xgiPs6uDRKfwofSNJbKXSJNYp+l79F3aESZtuWRK7A3fAx+Es3BAMkZ1wjzIPFJrBJ9gX0RY/Bd5GKESbVsQKmtWLZN2FKY8J4QD0LV6qlodDS4nreh8A5yR8fgk4/X4XK3cFTvXO26RgeN6tP4NXYWez4SnfekWRgm/h3bRdOwO3w82zaLZmGE+AgipSpX2QWBHiQ5xTAirHpKLiNMpmO4rIuYxwbsKCJhsPikE2PJccikctbNsTDye/wimoxR4kOu64SbcF96Bx9JU0H40fuh+/eRemeeDmphI/XvJzmL1L4y1KfKXS+tNluPasV51990ULN7Fes/8qyZ20qwv/q5gBO2vJuwDPsQJmlnmKKfhyHiSRR/MQ7wMIbG63rEDx6DCLEqwIUtHjdG9wYqS1zvubGuBrY5A2GMeJI9n6nny6iOOwVHiQ0OuwUOcyHs38zAFvEsHIsajXvRryE/+lUUxryM5OgIjJIdw0zZL7ga/R4Kol9h13KjX8f+qMkYLzuEc1GDUBT9Eu5Fv8quX5H2REKkBKXD3kTd9HDcH/U2rkrexLzI9Vgv+pR9rnTsR6ib1gOlg17DH6K+GCM56BKIR/GqzcImTcFh6WjU7P/BhQUdONRncL73CIgkKiSKJaha/5nXdeQosavXXLwhuY5oSTx2hY/H3dg3UTXuXdTMEKFmejgqR7+DothXcCKiHwaI/2BeFnnzm6I+Y/gQfoRVSlQPnI7si7ye/0HlhI9hHfIWaxrnNWFMn0mSiHEhMhb2oW+heuKHKIh9jWFE98iN+jdmyHaySmGw7DQOycYgN/rf7Dfou1mxH2Nc1CFXF0lQCxuJ1DzxBtinxcJhcdfM90/8irItX6GRFlFt+ufQnsOJ3uPRTeK7UbGAFLahH8Ak6QRTVBcmbCVfTvAStgbNBSTE9gl4jy1KHIdbI6KAErPwitn+/tkDMEV3hVH0FNtbRnaDdaIU1vFiWMdHwtTvDSbsNYuHoF55BvXq86jXXkTd+k9xMmoEFDExqNu+FPXaS6hXX0C98jSqPo1FYcQzuP/NJNTr6LzzO9Vfj0Xd9mVoyLvBWggNhXdRe2QTzAPfROmcfmhQnoHDXABHeQnqb2bAseUz5PTujonSfS7v5GHi1nZh0+NIzAQ0XDnshUXN7z9jn3QiekiTcVoyADXze6Ex4SgaFScB9Wlg3zf4tecszJZshUImRcOayXDo49BgLkRjTRUaq++jwXAPDSnxqNn4GW72fA+zxD9juOQYTKN6oP78PoYdYVW9ZQmq5vZiuDmsRpR9NwdV30xwYqW5gDr5H6ic3RP1O5bBcfcqGkwFqFOcQb3qHBq0l9C4bxV+kU7HO9Kr+EU8DY2fx4K4yN6B5gKqvhzJRnzfl2WyJnHQChs9GI1yHpSMRtW6eYDDOSpGrnjZhiWwfzoIjtJi14t2mPJROKknJot/9VlzNOCELfcGzEPeh1H8LIzSzqypVqO+7MKIDsizPSkexJoVhPHDDO9xrtG9/2pTlL4rliigjZWiQetdfloNvOriMVjGhjNxM4b9C0bR084t8mmYZF1gkXZC+ZavvJ679vx+nI4eCmVsLDNGz4ulq+fA3O1/ULHX3d1B1xusRs+PuY7rMzVoLHY3kV0X0IiGzZ/hlGyIyzgfhuGfEraeE9GoOuP+KQBlezZgRuQW5iEOlZ3C+agB0EZFQB0VyTZllBRzZVuRLnkPDVs/9/ou+8PDk6e/HSe2Qh8rwhzRTyia2heNZe4BmnpDHuoLc133KF23EBW//eT6mw7qbma4/qYQFK9uAmMesob0Qg+xBjsip6H++GbXZ4FGXFu4AIMjjrpslzgQlIMH1B6n/o2LsQNRf3aPC4SGilLY5w+FefiHqLtz1XUe9XWoXjkZu8WTXe7sw0jVHtcCTdgcFaWoSvgDVRcOM+Ovu+EmGgFVq72CgmHhmC7Z0eEYPY6w0bshbDeIPkXDkgFAXbX7PTcd1RfloWzbSuY9GSKeYB6qKeYFsE3aGWUbvwA8PPqaP3biVPRwJMX2RF3CCdf9yOsvWTEDhu7/QPnO713n6cBRU42qI1tRfeUkGpsqVuEDDTczULP3O9RdTxdOsb1DdxF/9B6LHhLdI5v6f07YJqFRd9Hrt0p3r8W0yO1scID6rcKkOogkStfWTaLHJ5JfYBjRAw5Dnuu7JDolq2bCvnAU6m5kus433q+Adc5gFu+YO3kA80ZdF5sdlK1fiPJf17rONqLRdUwH9bdzUHX5uPvc/TLcmTEKYyL2QkGVi+qc61rj3SwohwxHmNjd7xu0wkbNUOqvKBwRgfqbbvDrcq/DMro7jDEvoDrBuwarP74Vu2XT8KHUPQLWHgLW2j0CTdhcTGl20FhZjvsn98Da/3WsjZjv6vxu7bna4/zjChu9f+oTS5RIUb5xCVBX0+ypnH/WXUtF8VdT2QwEk+y5dhW26pO7cf6jCNzt9wFragoFaCwvQeGno6F7/1XYFo5BY2WZcAmO1Hic6jO+Y4RNe8H1O3RQuvtHfBK5zTXqSc4A9UsLG81SWBv5OaoX9ENjba3ru9XxJ2Ho9r8o+vD/onz7Std58pxKvl+AXT3GoCVhayy1o+Hib6jeuRL2KTKU79vg8V3nYf31dNQc2oiKVdNRum6x+7rDgfLvPsUvYRNwd7gEjqK7rmu153/DH7IhXvGVQSlswhD3BvFclH4+HI0VbuLUqC7B1Oc1GMTPonyXdw2Lq1qc7Ou7tSv/a4StqhK1WVqUfj8fV2L6YbZ0+yO9iccVt8cVNvp98kK6S3T4PWIQGr+bCBS1EsdYU42KX9fCFPsia4rS4El7eGyVGxZhW48JuBb7IeqS412GCGs+ksZNwyc9foKBmmw2d5PVkRLnN2EjzEnchI08ws+kG2Ad+THK1i5A6Zq5bKNwGUP4E8xLLd201P1cAErWLcFOJmwDvT22mipUrF2A0xG9sbD7CuhF76PqN29hq7+eAcPIMCzvvgRHuvdD2VQxGu9Xuu5//9BmpIa9AeOnw1n/HrvgqEf5jwuwRLSaDVwIvAtSYXNOozoqGYHaXZ41ClC+YzWrbWjIn5qkDg/RQ3kxCj4ZhIGRJ1xtdQGojtgHmrA5Sm3MM6s8tBWVR7ahRnURFMwq/KNwiYYfZyBeLEWE7NFNpcfBrL2E7XXZbfSTnMPJ8L7IGDMM1X/sRWNlhfBIrj01Kcu3fgOj9DnWv9guwrZ5KXaFjcX13h+jLsU9Kg9rAeSTZmNy2DYYZgxEo93kKoe/hI28NPJyP5amuraPpE7vbY54M258+CysQ99F6bdzUHXmN1QnnkF1wmnUe3bnMGFb3LKwFdyEZtgIRIkusrCRK9LYB4KFKSTrVGQ/vCPJxhDpCdzr9Sbqr6W6sKnWxsEqfRplGzw8OZsBOdPGYUDkSS+bDUphY/1rEgUu9BzCRp5cyDgcqPxjH0pXzkDJqlko+3kFmyPnug6gYt0Ctjr7B02BlI9jnI/6bqAJW33udZj7vwljj3+6QiIqD26iiCYXRI5sNeL7DwvoUVHCnQI3+0rPY7poKyaJdmFyxC9Y220WiqTPoXjhKNRmal3PJBw0mAphGSdiAwkdLWxJk2ZhathWvwpbye51mBy5k/VH9pFdxh7ZFJwW9cHJiH5so+OfZPPxq3giTEumwlHk7vwXMGu+L1nXirDdzcSZYTPxkVjPOvUTpNEPCtuub7BNOhPvSzNBo5sU31f3+1bXT9QX3IF5wJuoPL7Ldc6RLoeyTx+ESzRerYigFDaqeUaLD6JoQoxXW9yFhueBZ+Q5jWRdPogzMUNZsCSB8yhxepzrASdszeLYaLTQNrM3HPc9PBxrARImfYrwSIUXkR4Hh5a++zgeG3kfg2RnoOkdC9uQt2Ee8h6MQz5E4aAPYYzqChosMA98G1VnDnqJNo2cl679nIl60Alb7AQ45O5BDzKBiv0bsTRyJQsupiZn+Yi34di1HI5DPzi3nctQMvjfKBv5NhoK7risprG2BtVJ51Fx4CfUJHt4og/z2HKzcH74dDaqSaOVLQrb7pXYKXX2cdPshO8jPkPViomud0RB9fb5w1CjT3SVpfrwJjZIRO+cuqAELgWlsNH0jXXiz1Cx6hPQaOef+deQew35I0UYKDnt5doKgLXnPiCFbfhH8OxEt1IMoEdYDIoNSJy6AOGipIAVNsL1+8hFqPtyKBx3suHIvQpH7jXUKs/B1OtlFpxLom0e/C7qbud40aNi33qnsG14/FHRyoc0RX3usUWNQ/0fbk+HHrr+3F6cjB6Jd6XZWCD+EcUz+3gNZDSU2mEdF4GSFdNd4kLfqzp3kDXZDR//D8o2LfPCr1WP7U8KG/XvkQ2XjfsIDiFshGaG/LoW9Xk3nb/ZUIPrXy5Gn4hTD2ScCTphY81QqQJXonuj7vefvUCnoD9c1wE3NE2bDvV5N9DoIX6N1ZUoWzgM34q/7PCQhoATNopjG/g2jOFPwBj5DAzd/xfFX4wH6jwqh/8SYftB9Dmqv5vp9f4dxRYmZkYpBSB3ZX1p1QrvkcKKvT/CFPEEypoL26kdOB49ComxvVEX7w5DeFi4R8AImywFRyQjWJCsJyCOTCWS+g9ET/FFHBINR9nnw0AhG8I/SmNk7v8GKvd7x5uVLJ3s4kj5zyuEj7N9ewkbtbpGSo/hXs83UJea5PqNupuZcAhzvg13oB05EuFi5QOVbNAJGxvmlxxG4eAPUZelcQHSWHUf5d/OgrJvX5waOI1tyn4DWNQ5vUDPf3U7v8Eu8RR0dD9bwAlbwR3YpvWEZegHoIh8+2cjUJup84QGKLiOhJGTENECmdrTm32cpijhSnMvK+b2BQ14uP7V16Hkm+koormw3f8By/hIr6BRynRS8t1cp8f205decWzVf/wKuSgCqeIPUBt/0nXL/xphE4/A/cXDQCmJhH+N5aUoXjoR6u7v4m74c6g8sBEUwCz8q1Gcg036NCoPbRFOsX3pypkgb41GRj37u+hiewkbOSgSmRLXxa/j/gEPYfUoX73iDNQxUhavSnzx5F9QCZsQ5vEThXnM6Qsa5RP+Oe7dwK3RvTEibB/eE6XgA5EevSLOIE36EWovHhI+xvaNuvPYGTMHH0i9MxZ4Atcex4EmbGzU03AP9QV3QZHirprRAx3HqW1IkMUiooNzsj2OsFF/yxDJCdwZ0A303j3/0WyAyoOb2eh43XXvAORG4z2kjBkFdUQ33N+4EI2N7hxu1GS1z+6H4vlDGD7CPZmwfTO9xQDdQPDYiKeExzzpJlgHvsESawplp72Dpi4dWMsCiSn5pue/ko1fIiPsdZT9sMDzNGh00jK6BxPFhhKr17WStQtbHhX9k01Rev/kpByMHIn7X45wzRxy/RjNINm2nCUWoESynv1r9MxBKWyHIkehZvMiFwZ00KByTviluCZ60VQj0P6weASqN3sMH9OHi40sNEAmjm/TnL2/KnJ+F7blY70weuQfmQm4NzYGc8U/dSguAjGJrMelw2D9ZgrMV47j3KC2xxi+L83CjsipaNg0/5GPxT7Q2IDGHUsQJ43FVvEslMwbhMaKUq/vNpYXe3k8dJH8m5JVs53CttsdSU/XKrcsd4d7pCnd9yo2ImnSbOeo6MxBaPSsgNMS2zWOTcCSOuxpVk3lkhFAhbeAuQvmcXRdB93ggdgYMRsVk8NYogCPq2iwmZg3TP2vnrMqSreuwM4eY5E7ZSAcNoP7K/lXHxw8OOgdx1a7Z7Vr8IDKTfbxmWQ9Ske8/eD0tIoSFH06EpMjf2lxfYagErYeND9Umsom/OLyfsBRC9RVAXX3Ub39K3wt/tqr34wCOCdG/grD9AGA5R5QX930+UpULBvP0tdQrfFXhetR3/OnsP0oWoCapcOBmoqmZyacmm21Vc60Pzd1cBz8AUnDRmOmaBMbin/Usz3u9cfx2Oi3qdLqJb2EpJhYYPtiwNRKqEJjA3DvGio2LmGT+2dJtiNSqkRCbC9g93Kgyt3nRFZan6lCQ6bCzZX6KlSuW4DS7v8HVTtWAA1NnGuoRc2mz7E/bDju9n4XDTSdia4Rx4y3oJ04FdPDfoJ1em/AnOc831AD6M7hXJ+R7TbzQHgPhAdlPt4tnoLqpSOBHJWzPG7pcR411KJRfwn2qdH4KvJrRMsSQDFndRvnA/fdge70YcdVHe6vnAzYDU3lr0bN79uxP2IkCif2dAZE19cA9Fy3knFl+KSmUVENlLJI1O1b4/xefRXbN+78EnulE10zf4gDNM3riqwn6hPc/Zr02403U6Eb2A+iVrpEgkzY9EzY1sR8A8usAbAsngjzwvGwLhyDnGE9MUJ6zEvYyCPoJk3BwdgpsH06GOZFE9jnLYsnwDQ6HMtl37ZYGwhkedy9v4SNBH2O9GfkD+kOy8Jx7JkJpwe3cTBP7wf5gCHYGjkTsohLeE+W9UBH7ePi0NL3H1fY6J6UDru3+DwOioajYEJPVK7+BDiwBjizDTi5CY7tS1C+dBxujuqJJRGrIBIrmJfwkSyDrV51Mbo/7n8+CNi3Cji+EfXfT2NJAgwTo11cMS8aj/xRYpySDELumBgQdxjnFk/AvVFSfCH5HvExvZmAmYmPiybAOm8o9vedgyGSk0jpHwPb/OHsPH3XMqMvNsUsRHepMwlAS9gI59oyV1T4LO2pko6QqrE+4lPkDJSidMloOLYtAk5tBk5tgWPHFyhZMhbJ/XphWsTPLNEBcTRGGofL0p6onN8fOLAaOLkZ9T/OxJ1hkdBHhcMyf4TzuRaPw63Jw/CF9Hto+vSCbd4wJ070XLMHYVvPz9lzUVn2RU2GaawIhB9hYlk0HqYxEfhattplo8w+Zak4Gj4ItQe9M//WnN2PtZGfuaaDeT4nHQedsAkPNEJ0ACPD9mBk2F6MCtuDAeJT6N5ChlJqkkqlSRgVvs/1efreCPHRDl/Yw1/CJrz4YZLfGTaEUWsb4SIRxeNdaZaLcM1J1BF/t4ewUblIxCkR5JCII/gm7AscihiO30Sj8ZtoFH4LH45FYSvQX3QCH0gzvJ6PAnwjJQqsD5+Dg+w7o7A3YhRmRG7FCNFBL64MFx9Bjyg9hoqPufAkztHfzHOUXcHoCDe/CFPK8EuL4tB6HKPCBfz3YKToACJl7sncD8P2zwob3YvKQwGwfSLPYF7YD9gfPtKJhWgU9oaPxsywjegVeYFVYGQb9B3CgpJoLg9fxrA4EDESu8LGYaToEHpLL2FUuNvOBot+Z79BwdGj2XPRtT0YGb7f1cnPbE6mwKhIbxxHRB72sjn6HC2ZeCf6DdRqPLK0NDbg5qpv0DO89ZAsQQcuS3rCsvITWK1WODwGHpo7qs3//lvzEy39XVVXB5PmCpIGD2NkoR992At73GsECImG5/awEU72spt9nr7b0eX0t7ARYT0xau3Y2Tnbse+s+TtvL2Gj+3ry4T1pJt6TODdnhHsWM9yW3rXAC/YdioaXenPKEy/6jeZ40t90X/KUPD9Lx3RvKhsJb/NrdK/meLT0918RNroPlcn1uy3gQdea/x49A3nrAhaUTZeez3WfJvsRnrn5eeczu59LwPbBZ3fzjGx2nHg/TGNEaCz1GKQoNiFtwliIIuWt9vXSMwZl2qLmLyYQ/6aXuiJyOSxLx8GgvIy7g3ugt8Q7xXEgltsXZSJiPs7gQUtldN6T7uveWvqc5znPz9Kx5zV/H/9VYfMs9595Pnofnp/3vE97Hzt/R48/RP1QtYYChN3/GtKSkNUzjLW0WqsE6Ptc2DymYrT3C3rY/biwuafANMdJIPZfHRVtfr9g/Ls9hC1QcSHBipYmIE/2CmoSTrlVjQZwDq3DKfEA9HjIGrBc2PwkakQoLmxc2B5HWKxwe+EAACAASURBVIJd2Ghxl7u93gGO/QDoTgKaE4DiEAyzhmC8eC9rBreGHxc2LmwB1bwSiMo9ttZFX8AomIWNnpG8tvlRW7Ezaga2SWaxbYdkOmaIt7P+PQGHlvZc2LiwcWHzIwdaMsq2ngt2YSMc6BnfkuTgLXHTJslhgziPwogLmx9JzZuirXsl3GNrHRvBqENB2IRn/bN7Lmxc2LjH5kcO/FmD9fw8F7bWxZ8Lmx9JzT22hxOzvcM9PEUhGI65sD2cPzzcw0/ixoXt4cTkwtY6PiTMXNhax4d7bH4SNSImF7aHE5MLW+v4cGF7ODZc2Liw8T42P3LgcZrE3GNrXdx8KmzywcPZOo8054zmlIX69obsJpZHrvCaUhUlice7suyQx4bNS5Rl4ph0hCsf25lBk/GRJJXNWQx17tDz/0d2Cz9Gfgb7qmkwKC4iu1cPlr2D8yeTcYTmo16U9O74SfDaQf0xSnwIQ6UnMUx6IuS3AdKz2CSaDfOX41CkvIy8QR9jing3hkhPhTw2xJGh0hM4T8T8egpMV04gfuAIDBcf5fxpsp3+0rPYLZoI28ppKFJcwvWeH2Cc5DeOj/QEw4DSlCWJI2Fe0YHZPQrV8TD0fxP5oueQL36eb00YFIY9BcOicShIugxT/zdQIOrCsfHgh0H0DAzLp6Lw0kkU9eP8aW47RWFPoujrGSiQX4Qx6gXkR3L+eGJkiHgKRV9P76C0RdU1KMzJQNHRnTAf3ALzoa18a8LAeGALCs4fR4FejcIju2A+yLHx5IfhwM8ouHACBVoFio5x/nhiQ8fEn/wLJxl/ig7v4Pxppi2GA1tRcPEkrGZTB+Rjq6qC0WyCobgU+bYSvjXDoMBshclkgqmsgmPTDJt8WzEMtmKGTxHnzwP8KCguhaW0DAaDAYQVty9vfSmwl8Bos8Nms8HhcC/O45UupIU/2pRo8v79+7BYLLh27RqSkpKgVCr51oSBWq1GUVER7HY78vPzOT4e3FAoFEhLS0NxcTFrSmRlZYHOcf447Yew0Ol0KC0rg9lsxvXr1zk+Hvwhngj21SHCVlVVxYQtOzsbCQkJkMvlfJPLkZiYCJVKxQyXgM/Ly+P4eHCD8MnMzERlZSXjT3p6OsOM88dpP4QPGW5JSQkT/tzcXM4fD/4QT0j8CwsLO8ZjE4QtJyeHEZO8Nr4lMXEnYpK3JggbkZVj4+QHEZOEraKigglbRkYGw4zj48ZHo9G4hO3u3bvcvpppC3ltXNiagdLRBkSGy4Wt9UqOC1vr2BA3CR8ubA/HKCSETZ6UhES5HAnyJCQkJbE9netoAWvt/oEmbE58nLg48ZEjUe5ffALJYyN8EgKMP4EkbIHGH7K7oBe2RBIwrQ7pWdnIycpCdkYGsrKzoNanQq7Wwh8CF0jClqhQIEmtQUp6OnKyCR/a50CXloFElZpVCK0JdEedDySPLTFJgSRtMjKym/iT6eSPSp/iV/4EirDJFUok6ZKRmp7RZF/pyM7JgTY1nfFH7qcKMqiFTU6ja3o97p06CPvGL1Hy1VSULBmHkhUzYNy6CrmJF6HSaMDEz4ceXKAIG3lnqcnJuJd0Geb1X6B0+RQULxmL0lWzYdmxBjfjzkGbkupz8Q8MYZNDrlQiXZ+M/OP7ULJ+CUqWT2ELC5esnAnDttW4k3QFSRqtz/v/CJ9AEDYSfcLHcHIfrD98hpLlk538WT0H5p3f43riJaiS9T7HJ6g9Nmp6kndW8ssaWPu9DpPoKRi7/wPGbv8DU9i/YBY/C/voMOQd3welWu1T4w0EYSNPNSVZB8tPy2Aa2Q1GSScYezjxMYYTPs/APkGMonNHoVCpfdpsDwRhI3yuZ2ag5KelsPZ5FaaIp5z4fPx3mMKfgIX4MyESuWeOQqH2PT7+FjZyGtK1GljXfg5rz5ed9kX8IXzCnoBZ8izsU6Nx7fhvrILoKO++tfsGpcfGhEOXDGvcaSZqRvEzMMm6wNTzZZiHvAtTVFeYorrAGPEkimf0xt0UjU/B97ewkdEqtTrY4/6AJeYFmCKfhlH2HEy9XoZ56PswElaEUcRTsH7SE5lJ8WBNDh95tf4WNvp98lTt547CEvsCTCT6hEnvV2Ae/K6TS9FdYQx/EiXzBuNWRppPvX4qnz+FjZqXGr0exWcOwEJ2JOnchM9rDB/GpaguMEU8CfOng5CqkIOEsDUR6ojzQStsGalpKP1pKYziZ5mImQe8gfsn96A+9zpK1y+CKdopbuZeL6Ps4jHoqMkll/sEfPodf46KkrBptFrYVs+GSfQ0w8Lc93VUnT+M+rybKPl+vlPoorrC0vtVFJ7cB4Va4xNsiOSEjz8HD8jbzyFvf/Ucxh9jVBeYB7+DqovHGH9KVs2CiSoCWRfmzd0+sR8JSpVP8fGrsCUlIZnClZZOhlH8NKsESfCr4k+h7u5VFH89DUbpc8zurIPexL2zR5HkY68/KIUtSaFEQU4mihcMg1HaidUo9tkD4CgvYZMoajM0MPd/w+m1STqh9JfvkJKWFjLCRn2K19NTYZsa4/RGpJ1hm9EHaKhn+NTo5TD1ec1J2KiuMG7+hjXXO6Jmbeme/ha2JJUKhuw02Kf3hknamTXT7QtHo7G2huFTrb4CU+xLTnwknZC3dSUU2mSfdWcQPv4UNhpwuq3XwDpO1IRPZ9g/H+maoFSdcJq1jqhVZI59AYU71/q8uR6cwqZUwZydCvvUGBgZMTuj+MuJcNwvZ+DX3cmBediHrNalviXbihnQa1SQ0wiYD5pb/vbYSNju6jWwjfyYeR2EUckX4wBHA8On9lq6s8lOzS/pcyheMw9Zaenw1QiXv4WNvFNrmga2ceEujpSunu0SttpsPcjDpeY6dXMU/7gQWq0uhIRNiXvqRFgHv+N0Dog/q2YBjY1O/qQkwdT/P+waebX2TcvZFDlf8YdsODiFTaWGIVUD2xgnMU2SzihZMRONVfcZ8A3mQljoGrnL0s6wfDYSyXLqRwoVYVPgpiIeVua1dmUebcnKGUDTZOH6ojxYRvVw4UOjydfSUnzWj+R3YdNoYNYmwjrsfafwk1e/fhFQX8f4U19wB5ZBTUYt6QTrlxOhUSlDRtjkShXy5Jdg6fUy68agirF03SKGDf1Xdzsb5iHvOfsiZc+h9IcFyEr17eh60ApbYcIFWId94Kw1BGGrbhI2iwHWsRFNhvscLLMGIDn+csgIW5JajUL5JZh7v+IkJuGzcibQ6MyC0GC4B8voMJew2RePwdVkbegIm1oD0+VTsAx8CyYZCb+3sDUU5rmFTdoJ5vnDoE6S+9Tj91dTlDWD9SkoVV5y9lNHP8/600rXLXYLW+41mIc2CZu0M4pXTEdmsu882iD22FQoOHsU1kFvtSJsRV7CZp4ag+QrF3028ufPpij77WQ9Klg/0YswETFbEzbqIJd2hn3+MFzVqsCCVX3UVPfn4AE1RY0n9sFCYULU3HxA2HJdwkb4mGf2h1qe6NOK0V/Cxrpq1BrcO7ITZhqAa0nY7l71FrYvJyJTp/GZRxvcwnbuGKyD3m6TsFmmxYacsJWr45wd4G0QtuIFw0NP2E7tb7uwzRoQUsImV6lw68A2WNoqbEsncWFjNcLjegUqFQq4sLU4ECJ4bFzYWp8Lyzw2Lmwt8ofskwtbUz42n6ctImE7ewRW6iOhQMEH+ti8m6KWkGuKpqBSQx5b25qixSHZFN0LS79/86ZoS06GWo3cwztgoSBu3hT1Yb4xlQqFcWdgHfq+W9hWzkKjMHhgpcEDisGhPiQaPOiP5LjQGDwgj02h0cCYdBHmXjR40NTHxobrmwYPjPleo8bFi8bgqs53c2qpjH7vYzv/OywD3mT8YX1sGxa7RkUbaNR4EM1goah7GjwYHjKDB6z/SquD8cJxmKOfdwvb+iXNBg+cI8rUB1n8zSd88KB9mqJqGFJUsI1xhiywzvGvP3GFe9SzUT93OINlwXAkJ4ZOuAdNfr+ZFAcrizVqCvf4eporjq3+3m1YRnZzxnBRjNLyKbiaqg+dUVEK91AnwNo0sseE7cfP0FhXy4y3PvcGzAOd/bdGybOwfDEeGqUiJEZFyT4TFUrcjTsPS8+X3MK29jN3HNv1dPfUM9lzKPluHjJTU/jgwWOLm0oFU4Ye9kkyNhTNhG3JODRWlDFi1t7IcMfZUIDusslIVvmWmP6cUkWjm3d0StiaPFrCp3jhaKChKUA3S+c2XBK21XOQk5HusxxtgeCxWVNUsI7u3hTH9izLCNNYW+3kT7raNTPDFPkMitfMhVbruxRYhI8/R0VJ2O4p4mAdSB5tVxYEX8IqRqfHX0PdHE0jyjT1rGTjF8hIT/MZf5hXGZQZdBVKGK7nOKdUSTqxkAXbrH5wlBU7iZmmck2pMkk7oWznmtCaUiVPwu3MdOfMDJrATFOqpvcC6p0eSU1yYpPhdoE5qgsMm79m6Z0eu8Jpqb+mhXN+FzaVCuZrmd5Tqj4fhcbqKsafauXFpv7JrmxKWsG2b6HUhdCUqiQFclN1sI2PdM7skXaCfcFwl8dWHf8HTOTNNU2pKtr5g0+n5AWtsJFhZGVkoHzTsqZJ8F1hHvgWquVn4aisQPmOb53BhQR8z5dgPn0AaiJmCE2C1yYnw0aTvEVPMSzM/V5HjS4ejvuVKNv8FSMs1cY0Cd505hDrlwsVYaNJ8Neys1G25lM2ZYpNgh/6Hmr1cjgqy1G6frETHxnh8wpuHd+PBEVoTYLXa7XOSfDEH7KjoR+gNlMLR3kpm2lAlSVLEjDwDbboNQWF+4o/QS1sWr0elkunYOnzb9bBa4zqCvOAt2CdJGXpeSi7Bxl1ycy+yEtL9lnwKYFOAurPpihl96CsuQYaOY55ng2gMOMd9DYs1HyPfRFGilGiZtaMPshRK8Ay7bbgXXUEWf3tsdHvJ6elw3b6IMyU1onmG5PxDn4X1olS92hyxJMonT8UuVezfNrMovL5synK0l5ptDAd283SFlFzk9nXkPdhmSiBMeYFJ39ETzNPLtOH87AFPgbnlKqmNQ7SUlNRvnstyzlmjngSpvB/wdjt7zCLnMf24e/DePEESATlSb5JWRQIwkZlIK8kPS0NpdtWwULTgiKehDHsXzAwfJ6COeIJ2EZ1w+0TvzERFAjji72/hY2ekdY4yEpLQ/mWr2CRPQczJZoM+2cTf56CKeyfKB7TA0b5BaiYt996XFx7Y+ZvYaPnoUQKNP+zdMMXsIifcfKnxz9d/LGEP8Gyf9w4fdTn/KHyBa2wMTKpVMjJysTt37ahaMFIGMZHwjI2AgXjxTCumI3bF05Cnaz3eV5/IqY/PTbB0IicJG75B7bBMH84zBMksI0XoWiiDIVfT0f2mWPO1Nc+8tSEcgWCsFFZKDPu1cwM3Nm9AUVzh8I0TgTz2HAUTJDC+O1c3LpyFiqdHomJvqsUqVyBIGxUDhpEyEhJQcG+TTDMHQLLBAkTs8LJ0ShYMRtZ505CrvbtVCqBQ8EtbGxlITnkumTWealXJCFLpYAyMYHlYk/U6HzWryYALhAzEISNykIrdyXpUxk+GToNrunUUMkTWWd4gh8Xu/FnHJvwrkhACB+5Tg+lSoVUZRIyVHInf/QpSCR8fNQvK5RJ4I8/m6KeZaHQIQXxR6VCVrIWORoV449Cl4wEHyYn9SwTHQe3sHl4GpSSKFGpRIJCCUq74qvca80Bp7/JGAJF2Fh5qEwKJzaBgk8gCJvnuyN8GH+IO4w/vmt6epZD4E+gCFvL/KEUTr5JAdYcG+HvkBE24YEDYR9owhYImHiWgfAJNGHzLJ+/jwmfQBI2f+PR0u/7TNgSEhKYp0IvJdS3xMRE5rEVFxfDZrMhLy8PHB83LwgfErbKykpYLBZkZGSAzoU6b4TnJyw8hS03N5fzp5muKBQKFBYWMvtyNCVQZUGIj/jvb4+4zi5XeUyC54brNlwiKNUoRqORC1szQhI2ZLipNOJWWsqFrRV8qCuD8DGbzbh+/ToXtmY4dbjHRsZLynn37l1QzcI3JwaER0FBASOmyWTi+HhwQ+AKcYcMl3ASznH+5DIsyMsnb99gMDCPn+PjrS2Ej+A4dIjHRsBbrVZQs4tv3hiQ0XJ8vDEROGK32xkxCR8yYOE83zvxInyoQuT4tM4fwoe40yHCRn0k9+7dQ3Z2NigvG9/cGJAnS6JPApeVlcWxaeIHceXGjRsMG8KHvBHOHzdvCAtqflJTlLyS27dvc3yaacvVq1eZ8HeosJHRxsXFsX4A6msL9S0+Ph7UuUlGS8BT84rj4+YF4ZNGUf/l5ayPjY7pXKjzRnh+woL6kEpKShiHbt26xfnTTFeor5a6MDpU2HyeQdcjfq2loWB/nyPQAymOzd94NP99woeHe7QeJ0f4eI6KkkdLAy7NcQzlvzt88ICaolzYvEnKhc0bj+YGyIXt0fhwYXs4RiEjbJSRgKKhaQYCO/bDVBjBgANV2KhcnptQXl/vA1XYPLGhY1/jIvwe/XYgCRvDhc1eCQz7IpyCXtgoSwPNCVWmpEGh1YFWIFIk69nfNEXGHwSl3wy0piilJWJz/lLSnFjp9H413EBrilLWYUVyCsOGcUmX7Fd8AkXYEmmuMc2lJfvSaJl9KfUpjEu+THUliL6wD25hUyqRnpmJm5fPwLBnAwpWz0X+V9NRuGEZTGcP42aavinljG9r30ATtoQkBdIpf538PKxxZ2CLP4NC+WUo/NRXSfgEkrDRcnOZ+mQY487CGn8G1rjTsOiV0GrUPk13JRgt4RMIwkbCRYHU+XFnYdy1lmX0yP96Ooq2fIPCs4fZWqJJKt8mmBQwClpho3xjKXo9Sg5ugXXY+66cUebwJ2AWPQVL9PMoXTQKBr0SSo3Gp55boAgblSNeqUZ6SgpsW76Btc+rsPZ+BbbYF2GYPQhK6pBW+H4yc6AIG5VDrtEiWaOCdd1i2Pr+m+FDyTlLvp4Knco/k72pXP4WNpbyKlkH+/ZVsA14A5bIp1lONsG+rD1fgv2rqbgqvwK5Uulz7zYohY29eF0yDBd+h7n/f2CMfMa5qAtlQmXrIHZyLtIR/gRKV87E1TTfrqBD5QuEpqgqWY9rykRYVs6CmRbloPUhKKmi+GkUTOvF0vOErLApFFBqdbiRFAfz19MZLqYmfAyip2D7YlxICxt5YoYjO2GJeZ6l3zdSFl1ZF6d9CTyKfBrGVXOgpi4fH3v/QStstNxX2bqFLGc95e439X8DFfs3olp5gaUrplTPRulzsA5+FwVxZ1gqGsGN7ei9v4WNSKbSaGE+fwz2KdEwRT7lNFxKgx3zAsyyziiY3jdkhY3eT2ZGJmznj8E6QQyz5BlWERI2tFEFYFs6MWSFjby17LQUFC8eC6PoabZSlXnQO6g8sRvViadhnRbLbItSqtNKXzfjL/jUvsh+g1LYkmjprcxU2Gf1cy66IekE++cj0Hi/0jk5P+5E0yo6zpWsiw9vR3Jqqs+ao4EgbGpajGPVbJh6/AMm8bMwijsxo+XC5kybfjUrE+VrPoUp/Amnx09eCBc21qSkvrV7KWrYRn7sXC+DFkVeOsmVF6Py2A62RgQt8mLp+xoMv++Bwsd9bcEpbCo1TKka2MZFNK0r2gklq2ajsca5LmRNqgLm/h6rfP8SWsvvkcem1mhhXTkLpo/+L6tV7UvGwRT9AlsAN9Q9NuqfzcnMQMnq2TB1/zts40Swfz7SWRlSV0aoe2xKJe7JLzlXMKNFkaSd2doHgrJVxZ2CqdcrruX3CnZ8DyUXtocH3rWpmahSofDyH7AOeZeBS0QsW78YqK9n2NdeS3OtVE3X7KtnQ89GuNrht9vQlxAQHptGg9J1C2FZOBq35FdQduags7kV/XzIN0VJ2Gitg/ublsL4xQTcTLwEy/5NMMe+6Fz5PISFjbirTUlBWeJZZlsm1mfdGeW/rBF0DTXqyzD1fd15XdYFxVtXID2dFtz2XfRBkHpsKhScOgDLgDecK1WTsG34AmhoErbr6a6V4GkVdOuXE5CskPssnXEgCJtSocAddSIb8dNkZKHs1D5nPxsXNtYlkZKcjHt6NfQ6LVvzgMIZzDFc2Ii7utQ0VFw86uKLUdYZFbt/cAub5krTSvBd2GdoJatMLmzt4DWpVLhHIzZ9/+0hbEtaFDbq4LTMH47kxHg2K6FNHmEbvLKH3cffwiaUjdY3oMU4WA18cq+LqKHeFCV86B0l0DoZNDqq1sDEhY31rwnCVn7iV7beKvPYSNh2fd+CsHVlnCpZ8ykyU2iJy3aw7TbeI2g9tntHdsHC3GFnGEPZBi5sgqB57omoXNgebnBc2Nz4uITt5J62C9t3c7mweRrdXz5mHhsXtrbgx4XNbbSt4cWFzY0RFzYAnmse+DStCgnb4T/RFJ03LCSbomTIXNjcRsuF7dFYuISNN0X9kLZIpUL+sV9h6UcjM49qinaC5fPRSJYnhlwfGxe2RxsyYcQ9NjdOLmH7Y1+bm6KlP3yGzNRUsAnzbewja62Saev5oO1jKzh7FJZBb3mHewijohTuMeQ957QqGrr/air0Kkpn5Jt5kUSOQJhSxYXNbbAPMxgubG6ciLvJaem4H/+Ha7CJjYru9Bg8oHAP5lTQqGgXlG/5ClmZmTzc42Eka9M1lQpFisuwDv/QGZslEQJ0q9jITU1KEswDKECXvLlnUbx+EVL0yZBTChYf1Chc2B6OM+ETSNk9uLC53xe9G5pDa048D3PM8864vuYBuldONgXodmU2Zv55FZL1ep/N7CEbDlqPzZydDvvUaBYVTUG4JUsnuWceqK/A3Ps1pzcnew7lBzcjNT3DZ8BzYXMbSksVCRe2R+Pjz+welJsuTy2HdfDbThsiYVs92xXucf/cYTYZnhwHS6+XUbB/C5KUKp84DQKfglLYKEvurcx0lCybwuZAUuYB63gR6m7noLGhAeU717CahNxkc5/XYD53FGqdjgub7Dk+paoFj517bN5CS7F92Vo1rJ/0YtPLWDKJKVFosBShsa4WpT8sgIFl+OjCZv8Uxp9Fktq3edmCU9goFxutcvT7LpjJWCmlSlRX2D7pieJlk9zNUNHTKJnVD7lpySwQU1D7jt5zj83bUJrjzT22R+PjT4+N3o9Wl4zynd/DJHrK6STEvADbnAEo/nICTL1fZfZG16zzhyFDq/LZwJzApaAUNvZwSiWu67WwL58Ms/gZmERPw9DjnzB0+18YI56EKfxJ2Aa+icITe6Ehb62FmloAqb33gShs5cd3wxT+L1hET8MS/k8UTIoO2bRFzd83eWzmHd/BTMkUKU1Pj3/Avmh0yKYtIv5S2qtbGgXMcwayBJNkX0aXfT0Fs+hJ2Cll0fH98EcW3eAVNlrrQKnCda0Sxo3LYJkkZX0Clv7/YelW7IvGIP/UAVD6Hl9OziWjCTRhI2Evk5+Hef4w5M8cyLLnmjcshdKHk5Y9xYTwCaTBA4VKBeOp32BbNBoFswaiYEZ/WLd/Cy3LoPtw78rzudrrmPDxp8cmcDheoURG3EWYVs+FbaIE1oFvsfnZttE9YF4yDsbEc9Cm+C4dmCe+wSts5IFRameViq1rkKlV4+q5k8g+cRDXkuKY4SRpk33qqQnAB5KwCWWi7AuUv54wI6PJyc5mizoL1325DzRho/JQmvmMjAy2DoRKqURKSopPO8M98Q8EYRPKk6hSQaNPwTW9FjmnjyH75CFcU8mh16cgSevblpBQJtoHt7A1NS+pmckmfKs0SFBrkaBUscnfvmx+eoIeiMKWkCgHjXZRfno5TY73k7dGOAWasFGZyKunhAECPpRF1vOd+vI4kISNvS/BvtRu+2Jc8lH4VEvYh4SwtfTg/jwXiMLmTzya/3YgClvzMvrz70ATNn9i0dpvc2HzQ83Lhe3h3g4Xtkfj4+8+ttYEJVDO+0TYsrOzER8fD5oIz7dEJCQksD4Am80G2nJzczk+HtwgfKjPr6KiAhaLhR3TOc4dp/0QFiqVCsXFxbBarbhz5w7njwd/hIQbhYWFzL4cDocrePhRB3971AfoOmX3MJvNuHnzJvR6PetwpU5XvjkxyMvLg8lkwvXr1zkmzXhBHfWEDQnbtWvXOH+a4cMWKs7Ph9FoxNWrVzl/muGTlpaGoqKijhM2ujmBz7cHMaAahfDhGD2IDfHFYDBwbFqxHcKG86dl3ghaQ3ZFHm2HeWy3bt1iNQqpKN/SWFgFxWlRM5SAJ4KSF8uxcfKDvJGcnByGDXn8N27cYJhxfNz4EH/sdjvzaPPz8zl/mmkLdWWQsJGNdYiwUVOC97F59y0KfWxETN7H5o0N9Y8QPtR1UVJSwvvYmvUdCfhQHxvhw/vYHuSPT/rYSNio9hV+LFBGTfxZDj4q+uhRv6ysLFRWVjJho/42wsyf7yyQfpuw4KOiD+eQT0ZFubB5vwQubN54NBcNwieQplQ1L5+//+bC9nD+0Pvhwsbj2ALOE+LC9nDD5cL2cHxCStho+pRcqYJcpXZuSqXfDJqIGSipwYkEiTSFiqaa6fRISE5BgjYZCUq1z1KlN/eAAlHY3Pxp4pCf+RMoTVHChfFH08QfXQoSNDo2bdFXqfab8ydkhI1SfivUGigS4qG4ctm5xceFvLAxY9VokaZRI+fkIWT+sgEZ235A9oFfkBV/kaWApnmjLRGnI88FmrDRvFCFhvgT5+ZPQrzPcREwDxSPjfiTpNEhXa1EzvHfkPnLemRsX4vsQ7uQmXAZCq2WzTsWyu3LfdA3RWkyri4jE0WnfkP+mAjkDXoXef3fQuEXk6BP8t3KVJ4vNRA8NipDklqD3NOHYfmkF6x9/w1LVBdYpJ1g7fUyrCM+RuH6pdArkuDrCd+BJGy0GnxKVjYMR3fi3sjuyBv0HvL6v4nCFTOhVfpuAaDm/PG3x0bvSKnR4N6xPbBMifbgT2dYe78Cy6geyN+yAjrCSOGbRZI8MQpaYSPgE1Vq6JL1MB7dCdvwLEaOsQAAFDFJREFUD52JAiWdYI54AsVzByNVIfdLc4vK5s+mKKtpVWrkK67APvIjmCKegEnSyZmIs/v/whT5NEziZ5nQmTZ/3bQQx6P7NTyJ9TjHgSBsNIqfqNJAr0+G+bfNsA16y82f8H+heMnY0E00mUSipkXhldOwDXkXpoinGH9Yosnu/4Ap8hmYxM/AGvM88rasRJLKt+sdEPeCUtjIMDRaLe6q5bCsngNzz5dYbnZTzAugzSjtBNuC4SEtbBpdMorXLXZmE455HsaYF1C8YgbKdnwLy4iPYZR1YetG2seE4WrcedaP8jhi9We+629ho9/XJScjTxEHy7IpztWYJJ0Zdxh/aMnGpRNDWNiSoNdpUbJ6NowkatHPw9j7FZR8+ynKt34Dy5D3YIzqwsTOPEGM9CsXWLqnP8OBx/1s0ApbZkYGKnashiniSRjFz3Jh8xj9pYVrb2WkwTYl2lnT0mI303rCUV3JpgBXHtkGWgCHVhky93oZRUd3sj6mxyVbW7/vb2Gj3GtXs7NQsX4hTOFPsCUaaaUzV8UY4sJG3Tt3U7SwjRc5V4GTdoZ9/jCgvp7xp3zX96AFXkzUtdH/P8j/4yAUfDGXx2/y0GBBRloaSjctgzHsXzDHvgjrhEiYer7ctA5iaHtslDDxllrhbEbIusAo6YySFTNceQ2qtfFsQQ4ipjn6eRRtXQlKj91WYXrczwWCsOVkZqB0zacw9vgHLL1fgW28GKbYF538CXFho2Sb+aoEWNiiyF2ZuJWuW+TiT9WVEzDFvsQqRkvsi8jfvY4vv/e4RkHfF4StbMMXsI/4CLZju2A/vA3m3q+GvLCRaNAIsUFxBeZer8AUTYtGd4InMWvSVTDRgtKsOfocLD98zlJj03fb4/086h6BImzlq2bBProHrKcPwL5vIxe2puzG2pQUlKuvwBTdpcmeOqN8+yqXsFUrLsDU59/MY2Ne/+ZvWNPeV/whfgVpUzQJ6akpKFZdxo3ES9BkZKFg/1ZYenFhI3Kpk/WoVF2CKYY8EKewlW1a5iJmbXYyzAPfZsJGTYqyNZ/iWlamzxa9CQRhy85Ih11+HtcU8Yw/xt0/wszwep5VBKHax0bvRpeahsrLx9mylqx/TdYZFbt/cPGnRhsHE/PmurDPELeyMjJ8xp+gFTb2YAoFVMl6Z6CpUoXCfZu5sDV5syRsZRd/Z6LGiCnphLKflrqIWZulcwobdQBLO7OFp6+m6n0W9uFvYRMMQ8n4o4JCpYZp11oubE0eGwlb+cm9jBsuYdv1vYs/NZorTcLWlQlbyffzkJma4tOFk4LSYyNisuDTpqYTEZMLm7PvkprpTNjOH3UudEsjWo8Utsm4mhJawkbiShsTObWGC1vT4JPgsZWf+LXtwvbdXGSm6LmwEZnac+PC5sbTJWwXjnFhayPPaMFk7rEJFaOzKVp+cg8XNn9n9+DCxoXtcSpKLmye/OHCxtY8CIR8bFzYPInpbIqWXjzWpj42I/WxLZ+CUOtj8xRCLmye/BGE7U/2saXwPrZ2bYYSQbmweROT+tgqlBdgin3BPSra0uABxbhJn2PxXNeyfDeqFQiDB1zY3JzxxELoY6u89DtMss6ucI+KFgcPaFS0C8p+WgYKmKfAZ897deRx0A4eeILGhc1NUiKmSpeMkhRFU8ByUxzbd/MANLKRrRp9Ikz9/uOMQ5I9h5J1i5EdQuEentyhY+6xefOH4tjKFBed/KDBJ2lnlG1e7hoVrU44DVPvV5x9uLIuKN62GunpXNjaXdW5sLmJSYaaqFDgbrIK1iHvMPLRqGjxssluYiovwtTrZXaNZh4Yf14FlUbT7u+luYAIf3OPzft9CbgIe8LHn9k9aObBPWU8y+jB4iCpu4JVjE4KVV046px+RlPyYl9E4e4NrHIQyu+LPffYknyfUoWI6c/sHjRX9EZGGuzTe7JQD2puWqfGoLH6PmMmmysq7ewUtl6voPDYbp/O9ePCFtjCRnNFb+u1sE0Qs4QS5LHZ5w32mCv6HfPiaEqedcAbbK5okkrts4qRhJMLWwgKG8X4aZL1KNnyNZvkTUGWNLevdP0iVB7bAcvYcGd2D0kn2MeLcDXxckhl92juUfCmqLfQEn+Sk5NRsvYzZ3aY6K5sbnHZ5q9QcXCLOzuM+FmYp0QjLf6yzxNOho6w7dkIi6wryxVlDP8XbJ8OCtm0RcxwVWqWlsdGIsYyWHSCIfxJ53FTPi0LCd72NdDp9Wz+bXOD76i/A9Jj++U7mMWdnPwJ+xdsi8eEdNoiEvv8uDOwDf+IiRt1ZxiJP5RNh/gT+QysvV5C3i9rkaT0rbdGvAwRYVPBcGw37OMjYR3VHdbhH7JsFqlK5wyFjjLQ1u7r76YolYvKQOs/5F44gZJ5Q2Dt+xos0s6wiJ+BJfYF2MeGwbhtNcuAGsoZdJmRqNUwH9oGyk3n5M8HzFvRqVU+jaYX+ETvzp99bAJ/KF16/unDKJ7VH5Y+r8Ii6dTEnxdhnxCJol0/QqsijHzf3RMSwpakUCBdrUJ2wmVkx190bopEqFVKvxHTn31sLgOhUBitDtf0Opjjz8B0bBeMh7bDfPYI7ioTmKdGAw3C5321DzSPTaFQIEOjRHbCJTd/VHKolP7jj7+FjbhAFZ5Sl4wbyVqYr5yG6ehOGA/vgPncUdxWJbLuDuqP8xVvPH8nNISt6SUkKFVsUjytwJSg8A8pCfxA8NgEElB/CWGh0KdCmZru3FLSIFdrfTbpXSiLsA80YaNyUQ47F39U/udPIAgb4ULvKlGpgrIZfxLVGr/xh8oVMsImGE0g7ANJ2AQ8qEyem3DeH3sqB18w2bvD3vM9ED6BImxCuTy5Q8fCeX/tubC1cSJ0e74gevGB0BRtz2dqz3sRPlzY/ruErT3ff3vcyyfClpWVhbi4OCQkJPAtIQHx8fGgfhur1QqbzYbc3FyOjwc3CJ+0tDSUl5eD5hrTMZ3j/HHaD2FBhltSUsI4dOvWLc4fD/4QT6hyLCgoYPblcDhcweePOvjboz5A16uqqmA2m5GXlwcSt+zsbL41YUAZTwoLCxkxTSYTx6cZN65fv86wIWG7e/cu500L+JSWlsJoNOL27dscn2b4XL16FWRX5Dh0iLAZDAZG0OLiYtjtdr7Z7RCwIOAJHzJe4RzHyIkPEZKMljY65vi4bUfAgrDh9uXGpbntCNzpEGEj4yXPhGpdanLxzYkB4UGuMokaYcTxcXNDwIKISdgQTsI5zp9chgW1gkjwSdjomOPj5g9xhDDpUGEjw6Vml9DupbYv3+Ssj0QA/t69exyfZrxITU1lfUjEnwxKeZOYyHnjgRGNilJTlLp6qNnO8fHWFZ8MHnBh8wadSEijotSkoFqXahcu/G6MCB8aFa2srGQeLRc2NzbkFBA+nuEe5KFw/nhjRINz1FIk++qQpqjgsdHLaI9h3GC4B5GTh3s8PJyBh3s8HB9PYaNmKLcvb7x85rFx4N3Ac2FzY9FSRUX4cGFrHSPChwtb6/gQp0JK2NiSfAoF5LT5ITBXMOJAFDYqE01WZtgwfPwzx48wCjRhI1wSFUrEK1WIV6oRHwD4BKKwBQp/QkbYmKCpNWwBZZVWx1JjqzRaFiQriI0v94EmbFSeJI3WCx+lRuu3roNAErYElRoKXTL0KgVuJMXjRsJF3EjRQUuLKWt0fqkgCZ9AEjYqT6JKDZVOD8G+lD7MuNyS7Qa9x0agyzU63Iw7B/O3c2H8chKMSybAsn0NUkI8uwcRghbYUOpTYEhWwrxiJsPH9MVE5G/8Cko/zfkLGGFTqZF95TwKvp0H0+Qo2Mf0gH1UN9gnSWFcNBbXD+8GGbAvFymhdxZIwkbPrk5Nw+2Lf8C4bBqMX04G8Sd38woo/MQfwiiohS1BngRFShpuXj4L2/TeMIf/E6aIJ2Dq/nfYZ/cP7USTlK2C8EnNgEEVh5JpPWHq8Q+Gj7nH/6JwUhSUiQmglE8t1YgdeS4QhC1RqcQttRz2GX1gDn8CJtHTMPT4Bwzd/g5jxFMwUbLJvq+h4OR+1gLwZddGIAgblSGORC09E6bE8yiZKHHzp/vfce+Tvk5h8wN/glrYFAolcjLSYTq8A9bRYTCKn3UuMBHzAsvTblswPKSFjQwxPVmLon2bYB/xEYyip134mGWdUTC9b8gKGxktZQ22bV8NE/EmqitLlW4ZGwHr9N4w9XzJueyc6GmUzR2I3KuZoHUkOlLsPe/tb2Ej7tDiPreyMlC08wfYhrzrzJob8wLjkFnaGXlzhnBh83xp7XEslychLS0VFQc2wSLrDGPk084c/k3AG6WdEMrC5iSmFvZtK2EVPcXwoYU3TAIxQ13YFErkZaWjeO5gmCjltbQzrFNiUF9wB401NShdt4gtgkOCZ+3zGu6cPsxykrUHd9tyj0AQtmStFuWblsEsakoF7skfLmwdU8uRsGWkpaH0p6UwMsN9BqZer8LU80VmvFzYkqDWaGFdMQu0/gMJv6n3q1zYmkbKFWoNbBk62MaGwSR9jolY6Q8LgEbnuqvV8aeZx0ZLz5mjuuDaplVIUPl2eUJ/Dh5QxUhp0W1fTmD8MYmfgamPB3+4sHWssJWtXwKrrDOK136O0t1rYer9WtPK1dxjU2u1sH01DRbRk2yx2/K9G9iq8LRiVag3RUnYqN/IOpjWXe3ChK1sy9eAo4EltanRxMPc6xUnXuJnUPDjEii1vhshDQSPjYTNvngszLQm7c8rUEbN9iavjTdFOyiWjDVFU/Qo/n0XcvdvRWpmJooO/wILeW1s5WoubCqVCtb9P6Ho6G5cz72HsrOHYJI9x/DhwqaB8eR+WPq97uxfk3ZG+c7vXB5bbboapj6vua5ZNy2HVqP1WehHIAibVqmEfe9G5B7bg4zrt1B+ZAdM0k68j60tfQmP8xlFkrO5Jdfp2WpMhXs3cWFrVpGQ1yZPTmHxa2Un93JhczVF1Sg6tB0Wap7TwAEJ2y9rPIRN5RI2Q/QLKPxpOTRK3wV9+1vYBLtUk5eanILk9HSU/bYFJlpkO+YFcI+tmaEJgLXXnvoC6F4KlRqF+zZzYWuGN+FDU920KSngwubuFlGoiS9UEb7ySGGj0Xbr56OahM03oTGBImxO/siRwoXNTZ72Eq+23IcLW+u4k5FwYfPGhwnbfqoI2yBstJbmkvEhKWxke8QfLmzNPIa2iFJ7fIYLm7fhemLKhe1BbLiwPYiJJ2c8j7mw+TFtERe21onKhe1BbP5UU5R5bOO4x8b72B4kkmcN0BHHXNhax5wL24PYkLAZjuyCpa975NNrVDTDPSpKMxOsK2ZCo1aHzKiop41yj417bK4pN0SGQEk0yYWtJWHTwHjmMCz9/9MUx9YZZT9/AzQt41ajS4CpKY7NKH4GxesWQ6tL5sLGR0UfJJNnLdDex9xjax1vLmwPYqPQaGBRx8M67H2YZM4A3dIfPwfq61iAbnXiGecsDZp5IOmEvM3fQKkLnQBdT/vkHhv32LjH1sbBIzIWf2bQZVOqrmbANiWKxWYZJc+ieOkENDbUM2GrPPkri22jGDdL7Au4vmcTy0fmafAdeUz4+HNKleezcWHjwsaF7b9E2Cg+6871ayhbPQs0D9Io6wLz4HdQdf4IarN0sH06CEbpc0zcKD9brjoRiT5Mz8OF7UEv21Ns6Tio87EJD8uaojTzIPYlFl1Pk75t84aGdNoiARsyEhbHdmIPTJJn2aRvM81/nNY7pNMWqZP1MJw+yLJ3UD8azT4wUvaT3q86j6XPwSx6CtYfFyEtNdVn/Wv03gJS2PZvhinyGdYnaY58BnmzBvG0RYKRddSehM3w2xbY+/4b1tgXYYnqgpKFI5GmcOb576jfbe2+RMxAGzyoPL0f1pjnGT626C4omtk/ZIWN3hvlV9OolCjcvgb2oe/DLH4WxrB/wtidknE+BRvlZPtiAlLiLiExyTczDgQ+BZ6wZaDy0M+wRnWBtedLsEV1Rf68YVzYhBfWYXuFEndViTAe+xVFR3ayCfGGSyeh1/huiN7z2QJN2NQaDYzpOic2R3bCcPgX5J0+DJpv61luXx0TPv7sYxOekwSLRjvzr5yFefu3KP1hPkpXz4Zl41IUHd+LNLXSp3nYhHIFmrAlJyfDpFcxuyL7Iv7cOXPEb/whnEKiKcoIoVIhSZeMJJ3eufl5sZJA8dgEY0li+DixURBGfsYnEISNsGErL2m00KVnIDsnB9nZ2UjJyESSNhlypdJvwh8ogwdu/qibbCsZ/uYPlSlkhI06hJtvrpfiY88kkDw2AQMqUyDhEyjCRvgQLtQ0TZDL2ToRdEznBOx8vQ8kj014dkoVFij8oTKFjLAJLyAQ9oEobIGAi1AGwieQhE0oV6DsA1HYAgUboRw+ETZy3xMSEthoDr2UUN8oVRAleiwuLobNZkNeXh7Hx4MXhA8JW2VlJSwWC9LT01l6pVDnjfD8hA91ZZSUlMBqtSI3N5fzx4M/hJNCoUBhYSGzL0fTjBEWhPiI//72iOvsclVVFSPmtWvXmNtOKso3JQOdiFlUVMSAz8/P5/h4cINImZqayoSfDDcrK4thxrnjtB/CR6fTobS0FGazGdy+HtQVT/tqd2G7f/8+M15STqpVyDPhmxMDwuPevXsMH4PBwPFpxg3Ch3hD4l9QUMB50wwf4o7RaGTYcNtqWVeIP+Txt7uw1dbWslrXbrezPTW9+ObGQMBF2HNs3Nj8/3bsGAVgGIYB4P+/6xcUT6WZNHSI4MYUD+IcBM1acPl6nPdjnzHOb86v2frMzP/FlvyumiFAgMAtAtEb2y1h5SBAgEAioNgSJTMECFQJKLaqdQlLgEAioNgSJTMECFQJKLaqdQlLgEAioNgSJTMECFQJKLaqdQlLgEAioNgSJTMECFQJKLaqdQlLgEAi8AABa1sQ+bwiQQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Truth Table:
Truth Table:
Ladder Representation of Half Adder:
Half Adder Using Plc Ladder logic.
When You are giving 24v or 220v supply to the circuit, in Default condition sum and carry is 0 (here Sum and carry is acting as output and A,B are inputs), There are two inputs i.e switches and two output i.e load. Now we have to on the load according to the condition. 0 and 1 are the condition which is acting as on or off.
Remember. In Input 0 or 1 acting as enable and Disable based on Situation.But in out put always 0 is off and 1 is on.
An excellent quick read but worth so much! Great Work
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